Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatment For Posttraumatic...

Cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an acute stress disorder (2013). Individuals that experience this disorder are exposed to or have had an experience of near death or bodily harm (American Psychiatric Association. 2013). Evidence based therapy that has shown positive outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is based on changing behavior. The use of client-centered therapy can also be beneficial with this type of client if applied in addition to CBT. Joseph stated that a client-centered approach to PTSD could result in Post-traumatic growth (2004). Post-traumatic growth does not try to bring the client back to the original state before the trauma but bring the client beyond their previous level of functioning (Joseph, 2004). When a person experiences a trauma, they can have a myriad of emotions, it is the therapist respon sibility to help the client make better sense of the issue and continue functioning in a normal manner. Not all traumas are alike and not all clients can be treated equally. The most significant aspect of treatment in helping this type of client is the approach the therapist takes which should include the temperament of the client and the goals the client seeks. Included here is an examination of a fictitious client that has experienced a trauma and the therapist care plan. The therapistShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Eye Movement Reprocessing And Desensitization1596 Words   |  7 PagesDesensitization in Posttraumatic Stress Victims Kaitlyn Schenk PSYC 2301.5012 Laura Renee October 19, 2016 An estimated 5.2 million adults will suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1570 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new trea tment optionRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel disconnected, anxious, sad and frightened. However, if the distress does not fade and the individual feels stuck with a continuous sense of danger as well as hurting memories, then that person might in fact be suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PSTD could develop after a traumatic incident which threatens one’s safety or makes one to feel helpless (Dalgleish, 2010). Coping with traumatic events could be very difficult, but confronting one’s feelings and seeking professional assistanceRead MoreThe Impact Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1041 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review of the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Marine Veterans who Served in Iraq One of the most vulnerable groups to post traumatic stress disorder are Marine veterans. This is because they often see the worst aspects of any conflict. The Iraq war, also known as Operation Iraqi Freedom was one of the bloodiest conflicts in recent history. During the course of this conflict 4,411 American Soldiers lost their lives, including 1,023 Marines (Defense Casualty Analysis System,Read MoreAssessment And Treatment Of Combat Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment and Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The number of veterans returning from the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) conflicts that are afflicted with posttraumatic stress disorder is estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands (Kip, et al., 2013, p. 1298), demonstrating the importance of the social worker to be knowledgeable of the symptoms and treatment of this disabling trauma. The purpose of this literatureRead MoreProlonged Exposure Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorders1271 Words   |  5 PagesProlonged Exposure Therapy Definition According to Tuerk, Yoder, Ruggiero, Gros Acierno (2010), prolonged exposure therapy is a form of therapy treatment applied in posttraumatic stress disorders. Prolonged exposure treatment based on behavioral and cognitive levels of therapy, is a method used in treatment of trauma where the victim remembers the triggers of trauma rather than letting go, as it has been the case. Trained Social workers, psychologists and psychiatrist offer treatment to these conditionsRead More Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a very serious and debilitating condition that occurs after a person has been exposed to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical danger happened or was threatened. The kinds of traumatic events triggering PTSD in people include violent personal assaults (rape, mugging), natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes), man-made disasters (bombings), accidents or military combat. People who suffer from PTSD often reliveRead MoreThe Long Term Effectiveness Of Prolonged Exposure Therapy1017 Words   |  5 PagesPitts, Saini, 2013). Psychotherapeutic interventions that fail to differentiate sexual assault and rape victims from other types of trauma victims may decrease the treatment effectiveness or inadvertently harm participants in this subgroup. Trauma associated from rape or sexual assault differs from other forms of trauma and treatment efficacy should be examined in this manner. Trauma from rape or sexual assault entail symptoms o f PTSD, depression, suicidal ideations and sexual dysfunction. IndividualsRead MoreThe Use Of Exercise Therapy As A Safe Alternative Treatment Option For Those Suffering With Ptsd Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been a growing problem for combat veterans within the United States Military. More and more military members are returning from combat environments to find they are struggling with the reintegration back to civilian life. While many medial experts and military leaders believe this issue deserves attention, there has not been universal treatment plan implemented. Many of the current treatment plans focus on the use of pharmaceutical drugsRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1815 Words   |  8 PagesProject Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that is mixed with behavioral therapy because of its form of problem solving. It is thought of as a self-help approach that is used to investigate an individual’s cognitive process along with their feelings and behavior. Research states that â€Å"Self-help treatments involve minimal cost, resources and disruption and as such are acceptable to the wider population† (Boyle et al., 2011). The goal of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is

Milton Friedmans The Free Market Theory - 1312 Words

Milton Friedman bases his opinion on businesses and profit maximization on the foundation of free enterprise. â€Å"The free market theory believes that business managers have only one primary responsibility, which is to maximize profit; also, the theory tells that government should not involve in economic matters, except to prevent fraud and coercion† (p. 7) Mr. Friedman argues that a corporation, unlike a person, cannot have responsibility. I disagree with this notion. I don’t think that anyone would engage in a business contract with a corporation if they thought that a corporation was not responsible to pay its bills. So therefore, a corporation can have legal, and moral responsibilities. Milton Friedman uses what, to me, is the key phrase as long as it stays within the rules of the game but does not define the phrase in terms of the legal system. My question is what about the rules of the game that are not so much as even suggested in the law? There are other rul es that companies have to follow if they want to be successful; such as the obvious supply and demand rules in the marketplace. Also, as we have seen with the production of new ideas and technologies, the law follows progressions in technology and thinking. But the principle of responsibility leads the legal cases being decided. Being compliant with the law may keep them out of court, but companies know that holding themselves accountable to a higher standard will keep them in a good place with their customers,Show MoreRelatedCritique of Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose.1587 Words   |  7 PagesEssay question: Milton Friedmans claims that ‘voluntary exchange is a necessary condition for both prosperity and freedom. Carefully examine the assumptions about ‘power, ‘choice and ‘market efficiency that underpin his claim. Give reasons for your agreement or disagreement with him. This essay is a short critique of the theory by Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to choose: A personal statement, focusing on chapter 1. I will argue that Friedman is right in saying, Â… voluntary exchange isRead MoreMilton Friedman and His Contribution For The Economic Field Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesliberals believe that ‘’an unfettered market’’ is the most efficient mechanism to satisfy human needs and channel resources to their most productive uses. The minimal government advocacy of an ‘’unregulated free market’’ is founded on an ‘’assumption about individuals being rational, self-interested and methodical in the pursuit of their goals. Adam Smith was not an advocate of pure capitalism. Adam Smith allowed for many exceptions to a strictly free-market economy. The classical liberals advocatedRead MoreEssay on Friedman vs Freeman827 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerns? These are central questions in the field of business ethics. There are two approaches to answering such questions. The first one is Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory of management and the second one is Edwards Freeman’s â€Å"Stakeholder† theory of management, two different views about the purpose and aims of a business. Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory of management says that the purpose of a business is to make money for the owner or the stockholders of the business. Friedman says thatRead MoreThe Ford Pinto Case Analysis1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ford Pinto Case Milton Friedman believed a free-market system, in which goods and services are exchanged and controlled by individuals and privately-owned businesses without government authority, was the only way to achieve personal freedom. Adam Smith, a 18th century philosopher and economist, held the belief that in a free society, the role of government should be limited to the protection of the people, the administration of justice through the court system, and the maintenance of all publicRead MoreMilton Friedman1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I evaluate Milton Friedman’s essay: â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits† in 1970, on the Social Responsibility of a business and his theory, which is called the â€Å"Efficiency Perspective†. In every article and book that I have read about social responsibility, Friedman’s â€Å"Efficiency Perspective is placed centrally. During my research I found that Friedman is often criticized for being too classical. Friedman believes that manager’s foremost objective or evenRead MoreMilton Friedman s Advocacy Of Free Market Capitalism2263 Words   |  10 Pages Milton Friedman’s Advocacy of Free Market Capitalism Team Members: Donaldson, Michael Karambelkar, Tanvi Kote, Anand Mantrawadi, Sushant Sawant, Preeti Shinde, Nikhil â€Æ' Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Historical Information on Milton Friedman 4 Impact of Cultural Impact with US Based Companies 6 References 8 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 â€Æ' Executive Summary This article is about a teacher and writer turned economist Milton Friedman. HeRead MoreCapitalism And Freedom By Milton Friedmans Pride And Prejudice1527 Words   |  7 PagesBrigid Ueland Contemporary Economic Thought ECON – 3000A Dr. Coronado September 14th, 2017 Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman: The Economist’s Pride and Prejudice The opening line of Milton Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom reads as an opening line in a Jane Austen novel: â€Å"It is widely believed that politics and economics and separate and largely unconnected; that individual freedom is a political problem and material welfare an economic problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  sounds similar in structure and toneRead MoreCsr(References)1138 Words   |  5 Pagesand different approaches of CSR within a business context. In addition, several case studies will show the effect of the implementation of CSR and provide a framework for running a business, increasing revenue, sustaining growth and surviving in the market. Beesley, M., Evans, T. (1978). Corporate Social Responsibility. Croom Helm Ltd. 199-202 This source explains the positive aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility. Michhael Beesle and Tom Evans explore the beneficial aspectsRead MoreInsight From Theory And History1638 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 1 Insights from Theory and History When referring to the subject of International Political Economy the main focus of study in this field looks at analyzing and finding reasons for the problems that arise or are affected from the interaction of international political decision, international economics, international trade, as well as different social systems and societal groups. Over the course and development of these systems prominent figures of economic theory and government interactionRead MoreThe Economic And Political Challenges Of The 60s And 701519 Words   |  7 Pagestheir decisions of today. One of the most influential economists who emerged in the sixties was Milton Friedman, who fought against the establishment’s Keynesian view and many of the policies of FDR. He won a Nobel Prize in 1976 for his work on monetary policy with specific beliefs in controlling the federal debt, keeping inflation low, and maximizing the benefits of the economy through a lassiez-faire market. His publications influenced many of Regan’s policies of deregulation and tax cuts and most

Global Imbalances and Poverty Challenges for the World Economy

Question: Discuss about the Global Imbalances and Povertyfor Challenges for the World Economy. Answer: Background The reflective study analyses the perspective of the writer regarding the issue of global imbalances and poverty raised by International monetary fund. This paper analyses a remarks made by IMF director Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo (Imf.org 2015). As per the goal of the United Nations, poverty is the important global issue still in twenty first century. This paper focuses on the challenges, transition in thinking, process against poverty are discussed. DIEP strategy is used to analyses and evaluate the issues related to global poverty considering different aspects of economy such as both micro and macro economic factors. Description As I have studied in the IMF paper that global imbalances in present context refers to the current account deficit, substantial gap in growth performance, slowdown in global growth rate, increasing level of debt, issues of structural reform in European economy. On the other hand, poverty is associated with the aspects such as child mortality, access to safe drinking water, enrolment in primary education (World Economic Forum 2016). The problem in my view is that policies of developed and developing countries are not the same due to differences in economic and political stricture. Therefore, attaining millennium development goal set by UN is at different rate and different ways in various global economies in order to reduce social and economic inequalities. Global imbalances have relation with global aggregate demand and supply as economies are integrated financially and with businesses. Global financial crisis had the root in the sub prime mortgage rate market in US, however, it spilt over across major developed ad developed economies of the world due to technological advancement in the financial sector and inter linkage among economies. Consequently the effect of financial crisis affected the banking system, credit opportunity, growth rate of the economy, investment and unemployment and further standard of living of people of different economies. As highlighted by World Bank, countries such as US has current account deficit, on the other hand, oil exporting countries such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, Japan, China have current account surplus (Imf.org 2015). Current account deficit creates external indebtedness and current value fluctuation. Current account deficit or surplus has impact on domestic savings and investment and in turn domest ic demand. Changes in economic structure due to changes in rate of investment ahs impact of welfare of regional economy and poverty. Interpretation While reviewing the issues of poverty I studied that a article of World economic Forum has highlighted that some analysts think that poverty is inevitable for economic advancement since one sector expand by sacrificing growth of other sector of the economy (weforum.org 2016). Poverty is not only the hunger or homelessness, but is the state of life based on income level and access of basic amenities. According to the World Bank report 2013, I have studied that 10.7% of the world population live on less than $1.90 per day (Worldbank.org 2017). Features of global poverty is still challenging as people living in remote areas still have no access of clean drinking water, healthcare facility, electricity, safe water and other critical services. I feel that frequent economic and financial shock, food insecurity, climate change are global issues that are detrimental for removing poverty. As stated by Altmann et al. (2013), poverty is a state when people lack financial and other necessary resources. In order to avail financial resources, the financial market needs reform to facilitate access of credit to the vulnerable section of people. It has been seen that regional income disparities in global economy is the cause of presence of poverty. Evaluation Global imbalances create several causes that restrict the removal of poverty. As studied in the development economics, poverty should reduce with the economic growth as per capita income is likely to rise. However, it has been seen that due to having disparities in the regional economies, national wealth are not distributed equally among all the communities of the society. Countries engaged in the civil war need to spend maximum portion of the government budget in defence. Therefore, disparities in geographical position are also a cause of differences in poverty rate. These countries thus can contribute little proportion for community development or poverty alleviation. War causes loss of human life, destruction of infrastructure, creates violence. Therefore, it is difficult for the country to invest in economic development of human capital formation (World Economic Forum 2016). Rosenstein Rodan suggested the big push theory for economic development that states that massive investment is required for the growth of the backward economies (Altmann et al. 2013). However, big push theory stressed on planned industrialisation in the economy to create job opportunity and growth of per capital income. Balanced growth of different sector may improve the economic status. When I understand from the analysis that country with current account deficit may have debt burden as expense is greater than income. Therefore, in order to reduce the deficit, government may cut domestic expense such as social benefits, social investment and may increases public debt. People living under abject poverty are major sufferer of this policy. Decrease in government spending has negative impact on the per capita income and aggregate demand of the economy. Consequently the economy can move into recession period to have severe impact on poverty and social inequality. I have studied that there is difference in the measurement process of poverty, incidence of poverty, formulation of monetary index, purchasing power comparison. Therefore, true picture of poverty is not always reflected. The Gini coefficient reflects the inequality in different nations. Plan As suggested in the UN development report highlighted by The Guardian, international trade can be a key factor to fight against regional disparities and poverty (McVeigh 2013). National and international aid and development projects to invest in school, health clinics, housing, social infrastructure and improve access of drinking water can be solution for reducing the extent of global poverty. The Multidimensional poverty index includes nutrition, child mortality, mean years of schooling, enrolment in primary schooling, availability of cooking fuel, water and sanitation facility, electricity, assets and covered floor. Countries such as Ghana, Tanzania, Cambodia, and Bolivia, where people still live under abject poverty need greater assistance from developed countries with higher growth rate. Capital can be remitted to those countries via trade to increases capital inflows, which can be invested in structural adjustment. Therefore, in my view, despite having global imbalances, greater integration and improved bilateral trade relations among developed and emerging nations can resolve the problem of global poverty. Positive effect of global poverty reduction may bring balance in global economy. References Altmann, M., Eisenreich, S., Lehner, D., Moser, S., Neidl, T., Rscher, V. and Vogeler, T., 2013. Global inequality and poverty in perspectives of geography.Multicultural Education Technology Journal,7(2/3), pp.127-150. Imf.org. 2015. Global Imbalances and Poverty - Challenges for the World Economy, Remarks by Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo, Managing Director of the IMF. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/sp062005 [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. McVeigh, T. 2013. World poverty is shrinking rapidly, new index reveals. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/mar/17/aid-trade-reduce-acute-poverty [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. World Economic Forum. 2016. Poverty: the past, present and future. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/poverty-the-past-present-and-future/ [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. Worldbank.org. 2017. Poverty Overview. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017].

Persuasive Paper-Elder Abuse free essay sample

The seven main types of abuse include: physical abuse, emotional abuse, financial/material exploitation, neglect, sexual abuse, self-neglect, and abandonment (Sellas M. D). The exact definition of elder abuse entails: â€Å"intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm [†¦] to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trusted relationship to the elder† (Sellas M. D). Despite laws put in place to protect the elderly, state governments must enforce higher safety standards, and inform people through education about the effects of this abuse. In regard to the safety and good health of the elderly, many laws have already been put in place by the national and state governments. A majority of these laws seem very strict, precise, and straight to the point. For example, ABC News writer David Ruppe says: â€Å"It can be as simple as a caretaker failing to protect a patient from another patient’s abuse† (Ruppe). We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Paper-Elder Abuse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The laws in place, not only protect the patients from the abuse of a caretaker, but also protect them from patient-on-patient abuse. The article written by staff at ABC News also gives a fair representation of patient-on-patient reports: â€Å"Stringent regulations require reporting even the most minor of incidents, such as one resident slapping another† (Ruppe). With these laws in place, they give a good piece of mind when thinking of the aged citizens that live in a nursing or care home. Although we have these laws in place, it does not completely ensure the safety and well-being of the elderly that they should protect. When national and state governments enforce laws, not only will senior citizens be far safer, but also nursing and care facilities will shed the dreadful reputation of being unsafe places to reside. Many people believe being placed in a nursing or care home means they don’t matter and what they think or say will no longer be considered. But the elderly do have feelings and thoughts, and when the government enforces laws, the elderly should feel better about receiving care. It all begins with the patients though; most of the seniors who currently receive care receive abuse as well, and they need to know how to make it stop. One Article Reports: â€Å"For every reported incident of domestic elder abuse or neglect, approximately five go unreported, according to the Administration on Aging† (Elder and Nursing Home Abuse Violations). The national and state governments need to give elderly citizens more opportunities to speak out, and make sure the government enforces the laws. Also, nursing and care facilities often receive very little funding; this causes several problems in the system. For the facilities to shed their awful reputations, the government not only needs to enforce laws but also provide more funding. When the facilities obtain sufficient funding, it will create a better working atmosphere for the aides, and a better, safer atmosphere for the patients. ABC World News reported: â€Å"Insufficient funding is very likely to be a cause of abuse and anger† (Ruppe). Funding, a major catalyst, will help to start the move towards a safer, more welcoming place for the elderly to receive care. Gaining awareness, receiving more funding, and enforcing laws to protect senior citizens, will move the fight against elder abuse in the right direction. Enforcing laws in nursing and care facilities will directly benefit both the elderly patients and the care physician. With laws enforced, and families and patients informed, a world of worry dissolves from the patient and the family. When patients and families don’t need to worry about the safety or livelihood in a nursing or care home, it benefits everyone. The census bureau states, â€Å"According to the U. S. Census Bureau, people 65 years of age and older accounted for 12. 5% of the US population in 2000† (Sellas M. D. ). It would be a huge relief for everyone if laws were enforced. Also, the work environment for the care and nursing physicians would greatly benefit from the enforcement of elder abuse safety regulations. As stated previously, most acts of violence in the nursing and care fields occur when employees collect low wages and feel miserable because of their working environment. When the government enforces laws, it creates a better working environment and then a safer environment for patients. In many cases, nurses and other caregivers may not know exactly what forms elder abuse can take. They need to be informed, in a variety of ways. According to the Oxford Journal, â€Å"There is an annual world Elder Abuse Awareness Day and the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse has United Nations and World Health Organization support† (McAlpine). National Elder Abuse Awareness day benefits people in so many ways because it can be used to educate family caregivers and nurses as well about the ill effects of Elder Abuse. State governments should make it a priority to inform the public about elder abuse, as well as enforce higher safety standards in care facilities. When national and state governments do the proper job, it will directly benefit everyone involved; first of all, it protects and benefits the elderly, as well as the nurses and caregivers. A better work environment will be another high priority achievement. By enforcing laws and informing the public, bad reputations of nursing homes go away, and it will create a better environment and benefit all parties. One article states: â€Å"Almost a third of the nursing homes in the United States were cited for abuse violations during a two-year period ending on January 1, 2001†(Elder and Nursing Home Abuse Violations). The elderly hold an important piece to the puzzle in our country, and deserve ample respect. So next time you hear a story on the news about abuse, or pass by a nursing or care facility, realize that your grandparents-the people you love- could be put in a dangerous situation, and make a pact to change things.

Notebooks vs. Recorders for Journalism

Notebooks vs. Recorders for Journalism Which works better when interviewing a source: taking notes the old-fashioned way, with pen and reporters notebook in hand or using a cassette or digital voice recorder? The short answer is that both have their pros and cons, depending on the situation and the type of story youre doing. Lets examine both. Notebooks Pros A reporters notebook and a pen or pencil are the time-honored tools of the interviewing trade. Notebooks are cheap and easy to fit into a back pocket or purse. Theyre also unobtrusive enough that they generally dont make sources nervous. A notebook is also reliable - no need to worry about it running out of batteries. And for the reporter working on a tight deadline, notebooks are the fastest way of taking down what a source says and accessing his or her quotes when writing the story. Cons Unless youre a very speedy note-taker, its hard to jot down everything a source says, especially if he or she is a fast talker. So you can miss key quotes if youre relying on note-taking. Also, it can be hard to get quotes that are totally accurate, word-for-word, using just a notebook. That may not matter much if youre doing a quick person-on-the-street interview. But it might be a problem if youre covering an event where getting the quotes exactly right is important - say, a speech by the president. One note about pens - they freeze in subzero weather. So if its cold out, always bring a pencil just in case. Recorders Pros Recorders are worth buying because they  enable you to get literally everything someone says, word-for-word. You dont have to worry about missing or mangling key quotes from your source. Using a recorder can also free you up to jot down things in your notes you might otherwise have missed, such as the way a source acts, their facial expressions, etc. Cons Like any technical device, recorders can malfunction. Practically every reporter whos ever used a recorder has a story about the batteries dying in the middle of an important interview. Also, recorders are more time-consuming than notebooks because a recorded interview has to be played back later and transcribed in order to access the quotes. On a breaking news story, there just isnt enough time to do that. Finally, recorders can make some sources nervous. And some sources may even prefer that their interviews not be recorded. Note: There are digital voice recorders on the market that are designed to transcribe everything thats recorded. But such recorders are usable for dictation only and the best results occur with top-quality voice recording via a headset microphone and clearly enunciated, accent-less speech. In other words, in a real-world interviewing scenario, where theres likely to be lots of background noise, its probably not a great idea to rely on such devices alone. The Winner? Theres no clear winner. But there are clear preferences: Many reporters rely on notebooks for breaking news stories and use recorders for articles that have longer deadlines such as features. Overall, notebooks are probably used more often than recorders on a daily basis.Recorders are good if youre doing a long interview for a story that doesnt have an immediate deadline, such as a profile or feature article. A recorder allows you to better maintain eye contact with your source, thus making the interview feel more like a conversation. But remember: Even if youre recording an interview, always take notes anyway. Why? Its Murphys Law: the one time you rely solely on a recorder for an interview will be the one time the recorder malfunctions. To sum up: Notebooks work best when youre on a tight deadline. Recorders are good for stories where you have time to transcribe the quotes after the interview.

Spanish Expressions Using Ir

Spanish Expressions Using Ir Like its English counterpart to go, the Spanish verb ir can be used with an incredible variety of meanings. The meanings of phrases using ir cant always be determined logically merely by knowing the meanings of the individual words, so they are best learned through actual use or memorization. Using ‘Ir A’ as a Type of Future Tense By far the most common expression using ir is ir a followed by an infinitive. For most purposes, it is the equivalent of the English to go to followed by a verb. Thus voy a estudiar means I am going to study. This use of ir a is extremely common in Spanish, so much so that in some parts of Latin America it is the de facto future tense. It even has a name- the periphrastic future. (Something periphrastic uses more than one word.) Where it is in common use, it all but replaces the standard or conjugated future tense in standard speech. In other words, a sentence such as Vamos a comprar la casa can be translated as either We are going to buy the house or We will buy the house. Other Phrases Using ‘Ir’ Many of the other expressions using ir are formed by following ir with a prepositional phrase. Following are some of the most common. Keep in mind that some of the expressions here can also be translated literally. For example, while ir de has two idiomatic definitions given here, it can also be translated literally. For example: Mi tà ­a va de trabajo a trabajo. (My aunt goes from job to job.) ir a (or, less commonly, ir para) destination: to go to (a place). Fuimos a la playa. (We went to the beach.)Quienes fueron a Espaà ±a? (Who went to Spain?) ir en vehicle: to travel by (type of vehicle). Less commonly, the preposition por can be used instead. Voy en autobà ºs. (I am traveling by bus.)Nos iremos en taxi, porque no quisiera depender de nadie. (Well go away by taxi, because we dont want to depend on anybody.) ir para infinitive: to go to verb, to go in order to verb, to go for the purpose of verb. Vamos para conocer a mis padres. (We are going in order to meet my parents.)Quiero ir para aprender espaà ±ol. (I want to go in order to learn Spanish.) ir para type of job or career: to go to become someone with the stated type of job. Pablo va para mà ©dico. (Pablo is going to become a doctor.)Debe ir para el candidato presidencial. (She should go become a presidential candidate.) ir gerund: to be doing something, usually with the connotation of doing so gradually or laboriously. Voy aprendiendo la leccià ³n. (I am slowly learning the lesson.)Él va construyendo la casa. (He is gradually building the house.) ir tirando: to manage or get by. Vamos tirando por mucha ayuda. (Were getting by with a lot of help.)Ahora con la crisis las cosas estn malas, pero vamos tirando. (Things are bad with the crisis now, but well manage.) ir andando, ir corriendo: to walk, to run. Va andando a la escuela. (He is walking to the school.)Fue corriendo a la escuela. (He ran to the school.) ir de: to be about or be the subject of (when said of a book, movie, speech, etc.) El seà ±or de los anillos va de un hobbit. (The Lord of the Rings is about a hobbit.)Romeo y Julieta va de amor. (Romeo and Juliet is about love.) ir de: to think of oneself as. Roberto va de inteligente. (Roberto thinks hes smart.)Los jovenes de esa escuela siempre van de invencibles. (The teens at that school always think theyre invincible.) ir de, ir con: to be dressed in. Él va con camisa blanca. (He is wearing a white shirt.)Ella va de azul. (She is dressed in blue.) ir de compras: to go shopping. Fuimos de compras. (We went shopping.)Es imprescendible que vaya de compras antes. (It is vital that he has gone shopping earlier.) ir por: to search for, to go in search of, to go for. Vamos por una casa nueva. (Were off in search of a new house.)Mis hijos iban por un regalo para mà ­ y ya no regresaron. (My children went to get a gift for me and still havent come back.)  ¿Cà ³mo indirect object pronoun ir?: How goes it (for you, him, her, etc.)? This concept can be expressed colloquially in many ways.  ¿Cà ³mo te va? (Hows it going?) ¿Cà ³mo le va a à ©l? (Hows it going for him?) irse por las ramas: to beat around the bush, to get sidetracked. El testigo se fue por las ramas. (The witness beat around the bush.)Ella solà ­a siempre irse por las ramas y nunca llegar al grano. (She would always ramble on and never get to the point.)

Eco-innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Eco-innovation - Essay Example Organizational change occurs when there is a company making a transition from its current state to some other desired future state. Managing the organizational change can be characterized as the process of planning and then implementing change in organizations in a way as to minimize the employee resistance and resulting cost to the organization while side by side maximizing the effectiveness of the innovation effort. Todays the business environment requires all companies to undergo changes almost more often if they wish to remain competitive. Some of the factors such as the globalization of markets and the rapidly evolving technology force the businesses to respond if they wish to survive. Such changes or innovation might be relatively minor , for instance in the case of installing a new software program or they could be even quite major, for instance as in the case of refocusing a complete marketing strategy, transforming a company in face of continual foreign competition or fighting off a hostile takeover. Online free dictionary defines construction industry as an industry that builds housing. Construction Industry is today one of the most booming industries worldwide. This industry covers mainly urban based areas who are concerned with preparation as well as the construction of real estate properties. Though, the repairing of existing building or even making certain alterations may also falls under Construction Industry. This industry usually categorized into three basic categories: All three types of construction project require unique teams to plan, design, construct along with maintain the project. At times the construction industry has to bear heavy maintenance cost that results in much losses for the industry. It is important that for such a big industry to properly plan its activities and utilize such measures that decrease the ever increasing maintenance cost. Mostly, the maintenance occurs after construction and therefore the

Leaders and policy makers - making tourism more sustainable Research Paper

Leaders and policy makers - making tourism more sustainable - Research Paper Example I declare that this assignment is all my own work and the sources of information and material I have used (including the internet) have been fully identified and properly acknowledged as required in the referencing guideline given in the Course Handbook which I received. Groupwork: all members should be identified at the top of this form, but only one member need submit the work. Please clearly indicate the name/letter of the group. Approval for Extended Submission: Approved Extension Date: (to be completed by the Programme Leader) Contents Contents 3 Eccardt, T. 2004, Secrets of the Seven smallest states of Europe: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City. Hippocrene Books. 21 1. Introduction: This research paper â€Å"Leaders and Policy Makers- Making Tourism More Sustainable† will explore the impacts of policies and leadership capabilities on making tourism sustainable. The country chosen in this case study is Malta. The reason behind t he selection of this industry and this country is because the researcher belongs to Malta, and has ample experience in this industry. Tourism is a very important industry and plays an extensive and lucrative role in the economy of any country. The countries which have explored and utilized their own tourism potential are leading the economic charts today all around the world. Analysis of economically developed and developing countries especially those which have a very high per capita income shows that most of these countries have efficiently developed tourism industry at home. Tourism brings foreigners which ultimately lead to increased foreign exchange which is one of the most important indicators of a developed country. For example, Switzerland which is 133rd largest country in the world area wise has 4th highest per capita income figures in the world. Although the economy of Switzerland is very strong and has been persistent over the time but their real source of economic stabil ity and contribution comes from the well developed and lucrative tourism industry. The flourishing GDP of Switzerland is the result of well developed and organized tourism industry. (Aminu, 2009). Tourism industry in Malta can also bring huge foreign capital and foreign exchange to Malta with ample economical benefits. Malta has the tourism potential and can make the best use of it if policies are planned carefully. Tourism industry can be most beneficial if it is developed on a plan that would ensure the future sustainability. Leaders and policy makers can play a very positive and important role in developing a successful, lucrative and sustainable tourism industry. Planning sustainable tourism carefully can lead to sustainable tourism and regular growth of GDP through decades. This is what the policy makers must keep in mind while planning milestones and policies of any industry (Gupta, 2008). This report is based on secondary data. A lot of data has been studied to come up with t his research report. Analysis of the situation has been done on the basis of existing policy documents. Malta’s climate and sea remain the primary reasons why tourists flock to this resort. A natural harbor present in the island, offering significant protection to naval vessels, has enhanced Malta’s strategic location for any conqueror that seeks to dominate the Mediterranean Sea. Romans, Normans, Arabs, British and

Definition Essay Essay Example for Free

Definition Essay Essay Ambition; a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. Many people have different ambitions in life so the word ambition would have different definitions, depending on whom you ask. To me ambition is a burning urge and desire to achieve your goals or succeed. Ambition applies to dedication, motivation and time. I have many ambitions to achieve in a set period of time. For example my education, I would like to complete my Bachelors in Electrical Engineering within four years. Within time motivates me to achieve my ambitions of obtaining that bachelor degree. Ambition in other words is the motive force needed to propel all of us to work towards our set cherished goals. It is the dynamic inner force that has led people from all walks of life to cleave to a new path, set a new vision and fight through hurdles to win with honor. Try and try again. You have to fail early to be able to succeed. As Bruce Lee once said â€Å"you have fall down 7 times get up 8.† That never-say die attitude is ambition. Many athletes in the collegiate level have a desire to be eligible to play their sport and make a living off of it. Nothing is handed to a person, they work their buttocks off and put in countless hours of practice and pride into what they do. Acknowledging the hard work and struggles that an athlete goes through shows their desire and passion for what they do and why they love it. Ambition is built into a person, a person who wants to become successful and to be able to provide for not only their selves but for their family. My personal ambition is contingent on my professional aspirations. My personal ambition is to be able to give back to my parents for all they have done to support my sister and me. I have always had the ambition to be able to make enough to support for them in the future and give them anything they want. My ideal happiness is to pay off the mortgage for the house and see the happiness in both of their faces. The desire to become successful and to be able to provide for my parents applies to my  uncle who is also an electrical engineer that lives in California. My uncle is able to provide for his two kids and his stay at home wife. They own a 5 bedroom house in San Diego and they are living luxurious. Seeing my uncle being able to provide gives me the ambition to become successful as he is and do the same. Obviously, ambition here has a healthy role to play. Engineering has always been my forte. I love designing and building and to be able to do it with electricity is humbling. 4 Years of my life is required to be eligible for my bachelors and it is something that I am looking forward too. Having the guidance of my uncle and other successful peers gives me a sigh of relief and eagerness to finish and be able to hold that diploma in the end keeps me going. Risking countless hours of studying, all-nighters, and no social life will be financially rewarding in the end. I have to stay humble. My parents expectations did affect me because I saw how hard they worked to bring me up and make my life easier. My family has nurtured me in a respectable way of life. That is why I have chosen to become an EE because it fulfills my ambition and is pleasing to my parents by me making a decent living. Therefore, one of my ambitions will be achieved because EE blends an ethically satisfying job and a healthy contentment to my life. Being able to travel and experiencing new outcomes will be a blessing in disguise. Accomplishing my short term and long term goal will be something I look forward to in life. Once those goals are accomplished, new goals will be made and the ambition to accomplish those goals will take way. Ambition is a powerful word that has a powerful meaning in my life. A brief description on ambition is to be able to accomplish what is desired. I have an ambition to accomplish my goals and to be able to provide for my parents and myself. My ambition to become successful in life takes place in my heart. If I work hard for what I want, then I’ll be able to take pride on for what I worked for. Ones action should be directed towards the nations prosperity. I should strive hard honestly, sincerely and with dedication to achieve it. The hard work should pay off and the journey to my bachelor’s degree should be a tough battle, nothing is given but is earned.

Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway was a major American novelist and short story writer whose principal themes were violence, machismo, and the nature of what is called now “male bonding.'; His renowned style for his firmly non-intellectual fiction is characterized by understatement and terse dialogue (Riley 231). Hemingway had a life that included him running away several times. Hemingway had many jobs before becoming a novelist and short story writer. He also had many influences, from his father’s suicide to painters that influenced his writings. Ernest Hemingway, an American novelist and short story writer, whose style is characterized by crispness, childish dialogue and emotional understatement that has made him a major novelist and short story writer (Riley 231).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois on July, 21 1899 to his mother Grace Hall and his father Clarence Edmonds Hemingway (Rood 187). Even though he was born into a upper-middle class family, he single handedly revised the Byronic stereotype of the artist-adventurer (Lesniak 20). Hemingway’s childhood was rarely mentioned, other then that he tried to run away from home several times when he was still in high school (Lesniak 23). After Hemingway graduated from Oak Park High School, he went to work, in 1917, as a reporter at the Kansas City Star. In 1918 he enlisted as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross in Italy. In 1920 he starts working as a reporter and a foreign correspondent for Toronto. After being an ambulance driver in Italy in World War I, he converted to Catholicism and he often referred to himself for the rest of his life as “a rotten Catholic'; (Lesnaik 20). Hemingway married four times during his life, each time to a Midwestern American girl. First he married Hadley Richardson on September 3, 1921. On May 10, 1927 he married Pauline Pfeiffer. On November 21, 1940 he married Martha Gellhorn. Finally on March 14, 1946 he married Mary Walsh. He regarded the end of a marriage as a personal defeat (Rood 187).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway had many kinds of figures. He was a craftsman dedicated to the art of letters who rarely wavered in his adherence to the highest standards of artistic probity. He also significantly influenced twentieth century writing on all levels through his pronouncements and the principles of professionalism which he introduced and lived. Hemingway was also a night-club roisterer, a slick and chromatically unreal advertisement in the rotogravures, unfairly “good copy'; for the gossip columnists, public brawler and braggart, and the “batter’d.

Oligopoly and Match Price

After reading this chapter, you should know: 1. The unique characteristics of oligopoly. 2. How oligopolies maximize profits. 3. How interdependence affects oligopolists' pricing decisions. Problems for Chapter 10 1. Suppose the automobile market in the U. S. is divided as follows: General Motors28% Ford23% Toyota18% Daimler-Chrysler16% All others15% a) What is the four firm concentration ratio? b) What is the approximate Herfindahl-Hirschman Index? 2.Assume an oligopolist confronts two possible demand curves for its own output, as illustrated below. The first (A) prevails if other oligopolists don’t match price changes. The second (B) prevails if rivals do match price changes. Price ($) $10 9 8 7 6 5 4Demand A 3 2 1Demand B 02468101214 Quantity (units per period) a) By how much does quantity demanded change if price is reduced from $10 to $4 and i) Rivals match price cut? ii) Rivals don’t match price cut? b) By how much does quantity demanded change if price is raised from $4 to $9 and ) Rivals match price hike? ii) Rivals don’t match price hike? 3. Suppose the following schedule summarizes the sales situation confronting an oligopolist in the beverage industry: Price (per unit) |$0. 30 |$0. 40 |$0. 50 |$0. 60 |$0. 70 |$0. 80 |$0. 90 | |Quantity demanded per period (in millions) |10 |9 |8 |7 |6 |5 |4 | | Using the graph below, a) Draw the demand and marginal revenue curves facing this firm. b) Identify the profit-maximizing rate of output in a situation where marginal cost is constant at $0. 0 a unit. $ 1. 00 0. 90 0. 80 0. 70 0. 60 0. 50 0. 40 0. 30 0. 20 0. 10 012345678910 (Quantity in millions) 4. Suppose Nike and Adidas spend enormous sums of money every year to promote their athletic wear, hoping to steal customers from each other. Furthermore, assume each year they have to decide whether or not they should spend more money on advertising. If neither firm advertises, each of them will earn $5 million. If both advertise, each will earn $2 million in profit.If one firm advertises and the other does not, the firm with the promotions will earn a profit of $3 million and the other firm will earn a mere $0. 5 million. Use a payoff matrix to present this problem. 5. For the problem above: a) If the probability of an Adidas decision to advertise is 90 percent, what is the expected payoff to Nike’s decision to advertise? b) If the probability of Adidas not advertising even though Nike does not is 20 percent, what is expected payoff to Nike’s decision to not to advertise? c) What should Nike do?

How to Write a Lab Report

How to write a lab report Let’s take as an example a free-fall experiment. You drop a small steel ball from various heights and use an electronic timer to measure how long it takes the ball to hit the ground. From this you calculate the final speed of the ball using v = 2x/t. You believe that the ball will have a constant acceleration of â€Å"g,† 9. 8 m/s2. This will be seen if you graph velocity vs. time and get a straight line with a slope of 9. 8. You end up with a table of data giving distances and fall times and a graph of v(t). Audience Before you start writing, you have to know what audience you’re writing for.You are writing for a fellow student who has not done this lab. You will assume he has about the same knowledge of physics as you do. You need to give him enough information to do the following: †¢Understand what you are trying to accomplish and how. †¢Evaluate how accurate and reliable your measurements are. †¢Evaluate the results of the experiment. †¢Reproduce the experiment himself. Format Now you have to write the report. The report will always have the same format with four sections (for physics 111 and physics 120/125) or five sections (for physics 185/280/285). Each section should be labeled exactly as shown below.A lab report should be as brief as possible without leaving out anything important. Use complete sentences and the best spelling and grammar you can. Section 1: Theory Describe the purpose of the lab. This may be one or more of three things: †¢You are trying to prove a theory. In our case we’re trying to show that the acceleration of a body in free-fall is constant. †¢You are examining a relationship. This is what you do if you don’t have a theory. For example if you measure the time it takes a pendulum to make one swing as you vary the size of the swing, but without having a theory or formula that allows you to make a prediction in advance. You are measuring a quant ity, for example the acceleration of gravity. Also give the following: †¢Describe any simplifying assumptions you are making, such as no air resistance or no friction. †¢Give the equations you are using to analyze the data. For our experiment, we are measuring distance x and time t. From kinematics we derive the equation , from which we will get a. This section will usually be brief. Section 2: Procedure You will describe three things in this section: †¢Any equipment you used to make measurements (meter sticks, stopwatches, etc. ).This is important so the reader can get an idea of how accurate your experiment is. For our experiment we used an electronic timer and a meter stick. †¢The procedures you used. Don’t go into too much detail. This section should be brief. A drawing may be useful here. †¢Any numbers you determine before starting. This could include weights, dimensions, temperature or any other fixed quantity. Here we might write that we used a steel ball about 1cm in diameter. †¢The range of any independent variables. These are quantities you select yourself. For example, for our experiment, you might say â€Å"The height ranged from 10 cm to 40 cm. Don’t put any values for the time or speed here, since these are quantities you measured experimentally: you didn’t know them in advance. Section 3: Results There are three things that are commonly found in this section: †¢The range of measured values. From our example of dropping a ball, you would list the range of times speeds you measured in this section: â€Å"The fall time ranged from 0. 14s to 0. 27s. The calculated speeds ranged from 1. 4 m/s to 3. 0 m/s. † †¢Descriptions of any trends in the data. Did the data fit a straight line, or some other kind of curve?Give the equations for any computer fit lines. If the data is supposed to be linear, use your eye to judge whether it really fits a straight line or if it curves. (Note: If the data fits a straight line and the line passes near the origin, you can say the quantities being graphed appear to be directly proportional. ) †¢Comparisons of measured values with expectations or theoretical values. For example â€Å"Our measured value for â€Å"a† was 7. 7 m/s2, compared with the book value g = 9. 8 m/s2, a 22% difference. † There shouldn’t be anything controversial in this section.Anything that involves an interpretation or speculation should go in the next section. Section 4: Conclusions If you were trying to prove something, did you? How well does your data support the theory? There are three common answers responses to these questions: If your data matched the theory, the answer is yes. This means that you results matched the expected results within the limits of uncertainty of the experiment. It means that any trends you observed were as expected. Sometimes the data does not support the theory. If this is the case, be clear about how .For example, â€Å"The data showed a direct proportion between speed and time, but the acceleration value we obtained was 22% below the theoretical value. † Finally, you may get data that supports your theory within a certain range of values but deviates from it outside this range. For example, â€Å"The graph of v vs. t was a straight line up to a speed of 250 cm/s but curved downwards for higher speeds. † If your theory is not supported by your data, you may speculate on why not. Keep in mind, though, that â€Å"human error† is usually a bad explanation unless you know specifically of something you did incorrectly that you couldn’t fix.Discuss any weaknesses in the experiment and how they might be improved. Section 5: Error Analysis (Physics 185 Only) In this section you discuss the accuracy and validity of your experiment. You will include the handout, which will be different for each set of labs. You need to list any significant sources of uncertaint y in the values you measured directly (the raw data). You need to give uncertainty values on the final results. You need to discuss how you might reduce your uncertainties or improve the experiment. For physics 120, there will be no section 5. List any significant sources of experimental uncertainty in section 4.

Interpretation of Clever Clothes Accounts Essays

Interpretation of Clever Clothes Accounts Essays Interpretation of Clever Clothes Accounts Essay Interpretation of Clever Clothes Accounts Essay Clever Clothes is a medium sized limited company with one major shareholder Mr Barnes. The company operates in the highly competitive textile industry. Clever Clothes is principally a commercial clothing manufacturer to the retail company Marks and Spencer, however it has seen the market reduce this year as the retail company seeks cheaper clothing from abroad, historically it has produced clothes as a sub-contractor to other textile companies but again due to the competition from abroad and the fact that Clever Clothes is not a highly automated business, sales from this sector have reduced dramatically over a 5 year period (see graph 1.Percentage Breakdown of Turnover). Clever Clothes is known in the industry for producing high quality garments and delivering good service and in the last three years has entered the mail order market and has started to see some growth in this sector this year where the opportunity to increase profits is possible as the customer is not in the extremely competitive commercial sector. The following pages will examine the recent historical past of Clever Clothes through examination of the Clever Clothes accounts from 1991 through to 1996 using the profit and loss and balance sheet accounts attached in Appendix 1. and Appendix 2.(page 19 and 20). From the P + L account the first and last figures give cause for concern, the turnover for the company has grown by 140% in four years yet Net profits have actually fallen from i 69K to i 57K over the same period. The costs of materials has increased in the four years by i 6. 4 million an increase of 292% and labour has increased by 140% over the same period, which would imply a larger production force and thus an improvement in profits however, when you look at the stock levels in the balance sheet it is apparent that too much material is being held here be it raw material or finished goods. As depreciation has not been shown separately I have assumed this figure is within the factory overheads and this would explain why there has been a steady increase in overheads as there has been little movement in plant and machinery, motor vehicles and office equipment up until this year. From the expenses in the P+L it can be see that there has been a small increase in Admin and Marketing over the four years but when comparing that to turnover in 95/6 both figures are around 1.5% this seems especially small when the company is trying to attract mail order work which one would imagine requires good marketing and phone support for potential customers. Two further lines of notes in the P+L account are the directors salary which has increased over the four years by 55% and the fact that dividend payments have remained at i 81K over the period which has certainly facilitated the decline in profits. From the balance sheet it is notable that fixed assets have not been re-valued over the four years and that in 1995/96 new plant and machinery was purchased almost doubling the current levels and this has clearly been paid for through Bank Loans and a   600K hire purchase agreement which one can only assume was taken out due to a potential refusal for a further loan from the bank especially as there appears to be a reliance on the bank overdraft where it is being utilised as a bank loan with the figure increasing from  132K to   597K in 1995/6. Two other worrying trends in the balance sheet are the increase in debtors and Creditors. Debtors now stand at i 699K and creditors at 858K. The following graph shows the trend over the period and whilst debtor days and creditor days have remained low (especially creditors 1995/96 22. 7 days) the trend for creditors certainly appears to be steep.

The 17 Largest College Football Stadiums in America

The 17 Largest College Football Stadiums in America SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Attending home football games can be a huge part of the college experience. Camping out for tickets, tailgating for hours on game day, and cheering their teams on to victory in packed stadiums are cherished memories for countless college alumni. While you shouldn’t choose your college solely for its football team or stadium, if you think you would enjoy the atmosphere of big-time college sports, then it’s reasonable for the athletics environment at a school to play a role in your college decision. In this article, I’ll provide you with a list of the 17 largest college football stadiums in the country. To give you some perspective on the size of these stadiums, the largest NFL stadium, Met Life Stadium, would only be number 16 on this list. These are not only the largest college football stadiums, but they're also the largest stadiums in the country. The List of the Largest College Football Stadiums in the United States #1: Michigan Stadium- University of Michigan Wolverines (107,601) Facts Third largest stadium in the world behind Rungnado May Day Stadium in North Korea and Salt Lake Stadium in India Nicknamed "The Big House" The first game was played there on October 1, 1927 between Michigan and Ohio Wesleyan #2: Beaver Stadium- Penn State University Nittany Lions (106,572) Facts Built in 1960 in a horseshoe configuration seating 46,284 Lights were added in 1984 The stadium is named for James A. Beaver, a brigadier general for the Union Army in the Civil War who served as governor of Pennsylvania and president of the University's Board of Trustees #3: Kyle Field- Texas AM University Aggies (102,512) Facts In 2015, the capacity was increased from 82,600 Known as the "Home of the 12th Man" Largest stadium in the SEC #4: Ohio Stadium- The Ohio State University Buckeyes (104,944) Facts Built in 1922 for $1.3 million Refurbished in 2001 for slightly more than $194 million Known as "The Horseshoe" for its horseshoe configuration #5: Neyland Stadium- University of Tennessee Volunteers (102,455) Facts Named for General Robert Neyland, Tennessee football head coach from 1926-1952 Opened in 1921 as Shields-Watkins Field More than 25 million people have attended football games at Neyland Stadium #6: Tiger Stadium- Louisiana State University Tigers (102,321) Facts The first game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1924 against Tulane The first night game was played in 1931 against Spring Hill Since the NCAA began compiling attendance records in 1957, LSU has averaged 77,647 spectators for its games in Tiger Stadium #7: Bryant-Denny Stadium- University of Alabama Crimson Tide (101, 821) Facts Denny Stadium opened in 1929 with a 55-0 victory over Mississippi College The stadium was renamed Bryant-Denny Stadium in 1976 in honor of Coach Paul Bryant Alabama has won more than 80% of its games in Bryant-Denny Stadium #8: Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium- University of Texas-Austin Longhorns (100,119) Facts The original stadium was completed in 1924 and dedicated to the Texans who lost their lives in World War I In 1977, the stadium was rededicated to the memories of all alumni who had fought in all American wars The stadium was officially named after football coach Darrell K. Royal in 1996 #9: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum- University of Southern California Trojans (93,067) Facts The Coliseum is jointly owned by the State of California, Los Angeles County, and the City of Los Angeles The Coliseum has hosted two Olympic games, in 1932 and 1984 The Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball played at the Coliseum from 1958-1962 #10: Sanford Stadium- University of Georgia Bulldogs (92,746) Facts Named for Dr. SV Sanford, former president of the university It was opened in 1929 It hosted the medal round of the 1996 Olympic men's and women's soccer competition #11: Rose Bowl- UCLA Bruins (92,542) Facts The Rose Bowl has hosted five Super Bowls It was built in 1922, but it wasn't home to UCLA's football games until 1982 Site of the New Year's Tournament of Roses Football Game #12: Memorial Stadium- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Cornhuskers (92,000) Facts Every home football game has sold out since 1962 Statues of former Nebraska coach Tom Osborne and former Nebraska quarterback Brook Berringer can be found outside the north side of the stadium When full, Memorial Stadium holds more people than any Nebraska city other than Omaha and Lincoln #13: Ben Hill Griffin Stadium- University of Florida Gators (88,548) Facts More commonly known as "The Swamp" "The Swamp" was coined by former coach Steve Spurrier in the 1990's The stadium was originally constructed in 1930 #14: Jordan-Hare Stadium- Auburn University Tigers (87,451) Facts The stadium is named for Ralph "Shug" Jordan, Auburn's all-time winningest football coach, and Clifford Leroy Hare, a member of Auburn's first football team and president of the Southern Conference The turf is known as Pat Dye Field, named after former coach Pat Dye In 1939, the first game was played there to a 7-7 tie against the University of Florida #15: Doak Campbell Stadium- Florida State University Seminoles (82,300) Facts In 2004, the turf was named Bobby Bowden Field after legendary coach Bobby Bowden Doak Campbell Stadium opened on October 7,1950 when Florida State defeated Randolph-Macon 40-7. It's named after Doak S. Campbell, president of the university at the time of its construction #16: Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium- University of Oklahoma Sooners (82,112) Facts The stadium opened October 20,1923 against Washington University (Missouri) Also known as "The Palace on the Prairie" During the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, the stadium served as a dorm for young men attending the university #17: Memorial Stadium- Clemson University Tigers (81,500) Facts More commonly known as "Death Valley" Stadium opened on September 19, 1942 with a 32-13 victory over Presbyterian College Much of the construction of the stadium was done by scholarship athletes What's Next? Whether the athletics environment of the school is a factor in your college decision or not, I highly recommend that you review this article on how to choose a college. If you subscribe to the philosophy that "bigger is better," check out this post on the biggest colleges in America. If you prefer to have smaller classes and be part of a close-knit community, learn about the best small colleges. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Journal week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal week 3 - Assignment Example This theme is greatly developed by Rocky who is CeCe’s friend. Education is an important aspect as much as development and growth are concerned. The company of CeCe is not worth as much as education is concerned, and at times she is tempted to follow the ways of her friend. Learning occurs through social learning, operant conditioning and classical conditioning. As parent I would be concerned if my child learned what CeCe does, this type of learning is likely to occur through social learning where observed behavior becomes copied behavior. On the contrary if a child learned from the character of Rocky it will be beneficial for the development of the child even in terms of Christianity. Theme of talent is also outspoken in this TV show, it is a very common phenomenon among the youths. From a biblical point of view it would be prudent if a talent was used to serve God rather than use the talent for other purposes. The talent is not used for the purpose of serving God and I would therefore not recommend my child to watch the show as it might have a negative influence. Though there can be some themes that are not appropriate in the show, other themes are very fundamental for the development of a teenager and I would not deter my child from watching the show. Having read one of the best American adolescent magazine called teen vogue I can concur that are some themes that portrayed in the magazine that are good for development of a child in aspects such as spiritual, emotional and physical. Though there are some themes that are no appropriate for the growth and development of a child due to the fact the child the child can assimilate some nasty behavior from the magazine. Celebrity is a theme that orchestrated in the magazine, this are very influential persons to the teens. Some of the celebrities are role models to particular teenagers and for this reason if a celebrity does a stupid act, a teen can try

US Unemployment Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Unemployment Problem - Essay Example Connectively, unemployed people include all those people who have been laid of temporarily from their work. Unemployment rate may be determined by taking the number of unemployed people as a fraction of labour force. Whereby, labour force may be obtained by adding the number of unemployed and employed people. In 1948, the United States unemployment rate was reported to be 5.81%, this rate decreased up to 2.5% in 1953. Additionally, unemployment rates continued to increase significantly even in 1982, whereby 10.8% unemployment was reported. Additionally, in 2001 the rate of unemployment was reported to be 5.6% and increased up to 6% in 2003(Amadeo, paras 4-8). The rate of unemployment continued to escalate significantly especially during 2008 economic recession. Research indicates that an unemployment rate of 10.2% was reported on October 2008. However, on January 2008, the rate of unemployment among different groups was as follows: 7.0 percent female adults, 6.9 percent male adults, 3.2 percent Asians Amercans, 24.2% teenagers, 9.2 percent Hispanics and 13.3 percent Africans Americans. Currently, unemployement rate was reported to be 7.6 percent on March 2013.Therefore, Understanding unemployment problems is very vital not only to individuals but also to all sectors of the economy. This is because it acts as an economic indicator of whether an economy is developing or not. This may further help the US federal government to identify fiscal and monetary measures to address the problem of unemployment (Woirol, 10-15). US Unemployment Problem The reason why unemployment rate that was reported by the US government could be misleading is because the official unemployment data released by the government does not reflect the true states of affaires on the economy. This is because the rate does not include all the relevant components for computing the rate of unemployment (Hardson, para1). According to economist such as John Williams, the government reported a national unemployment rate of 7.9% and a 9.8% unemployment rate in California as at January 2013. On the contrary, unemployment rate was reported decreased up to 7.7% on March 2013, indicating a 0.2% decline in official unemployment rate (Hardson, para2-3). According to Williams this could be misleading because when making computation the national unemployment excludes the discouraged workers and include only those people have been actively looking for a job within a period of four weeks. This means those people who had given up in looking for a job are not included in unemployment figures. This consequently makes the official unemployment to be significantly lower that the actual unemployment on the ground. In above connection, other economist asserted that the official unemployment do not show any significant improvement and this could be another reason for having a misleading rate of unemployment (Hardson, paras7-10). Additionally, the government does not make reviews to the previous unem ployment rates making the official unemployment to have a significant difference from the previous unemployment rates. Connectively, gross domestic product, consumer price index and unemployment figure have been politicised by political leaders for personal gains.. This has consequently led to an increase in cases of misleading unemployment figures. Lack of full disclosure to public on with respect to which data was adjusted in coming up with unemployment rates has contributed an increase cases of misleading rates of unemployment (Hardson, paras10-22). In order to solve unemployment problems, the

Locke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Locke - Essay Example Without getting consent from the original owner, at this point, no one can possess the resources (Locke 35). Accordingly, all individuals must labor to acquire property. In addition, the property must personally benefit the individual for it to be considered individual property. Labor that the individual cannot use can be traded in for money, which can later be re-traded for property. Locke contrasts gaining of possession through actions both natural and unnatural. The major difference between the two processes is whether the property that one sought for ownership had a previous owner or still lay within the common ownership domain. People who want to acquire property that already belongs to other individuals do not apply labor to own the property (Locke 40). Instead, they are out to own what someone else has already applied his/her labor to with nothing, such as money, in return. While it can be argued that any individual taking ownership of anything should first seek out others to ask their permission if the community owned it, Locke deemed this approach impractical. He compares it to requiring permission from everyone in sight before eating an apple one has found fallen by the roadside (Locke 41). Similarly, if an individual takes ownership of property and leaves more of the same for other people to own and enjoy, no property usurpation can be claimed to have gone on. This should be considered as an action of natural occurrence. However, Locke does caution on how natural private property can be, arguing that the individual should only take as much as is required for personal and family enjoyment (Locke 45). In addition, the property must be only enough for enjoyment without it going bad in the process. For instance, it is not natural in his view to hoard what can perish. While this is true, it is not unnatural for an individual to own or gather more than is enough for personal consumption if the excess is further traded for the purpose of attaining what one does not own or produce. Since labor endows private property with its naturalness, an individual cannot claim property simply for owning it. The individual is required to labor on the land. Therefore, any individual can lose ownership of their property if there is no application of labor (Locke 46). This is because, in that state, the property is not of benefit to them or anyone else. From a cursory reading of Locke, one could assume that he proposes that it is right for a person to put up boundaries on national parks and apply labor to it, allowing the property to become his/her private property. However, deeper reading counters this interpretation by showing that, at this point, there is there is an overlap of divine law and human law. While nature allows man to use earth as he sees best for convenience and self-sustenance, man is not necessarily the determinant of how individuals will use the land (Locke 50). For this reason, people come together to create social bodies and juris dictions such as towns and villages, which determine the best way to benefit collectively from the resources. Sometimes, these jurisdictions may determine that some land will be left out of individual hands and be in common ownership. Attempting to own the property individually would cause a decrease in its usefulness to the community that possesses the land together.

Ganga River Pollution In India Environmental Sciences Essay

Ganga River Pollution In India Environmental Sciences Essay All of us have seen a river large or small, either flowing through our town, or somewhere else. Rivers are nothing more than surface water flowing down from a higher altitude to a lower altitude due to the pull of gravity. One river might have its source in a glacier, another in a spring or a lake. Rivers carry dissolved minerals, organic compounds, small grains of sand, gravel, and other material as they flow downstream. Rivers begin as small streams, which grow wider as smaller streams and rivers join them along their course across the land. Eventually they flow into seas or oceans. Unfortunately most of the worlds major rivers are heavily polluted. The pollution of environment is the gift of the industrial revolution. Prior to this the agrarian cultures created significant environmental deterioration in the form of soil erosion- through deforestation and overgrazing. The environmental degradation is a by product of modern civilization. There has been a steady deterioration in the quality of water of Indian rivers over several decades. Indias fourteen major, 55 minor and several hundred small rivers receive millions of litres of sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes. Most of these rivers have been rendered to the level of sewage flowing drains. There are serious water quality problems in the cities, towns and villages using these waters. Water borne diseases are rampant, fisheries are on decline, and even cattle are not spared from the onslaught of pollution. According to World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) five rivers in Asia serving over 870 million people are among the most threatened in the world, as dams, water extraction and climate change all take their toll. The Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, Salween-Nu and Mekong-Lancang rivers make up half of the WWFs top ten most threatened river basins. India has a large number of rivers that are lifelines for the millions living along their banks. These rivers can be categorized into four groups: 1.Rivers that flow down from the Himalayas and are supplied by melting snow and glaciers. This is why these are perennial, that is, they never dry up during the year. 2. The Deccan Plateau Rivers, which depend on rainfall for their water. 3. The coastal rivers, especially those on the west coast, which are short and do not retain water throughout the year. 4. The rivers in the inland drainage basin of west Rajasthan, which depend on the rains. These rivers normally drain towards silt lakes or flow into the sand. River Ganga (Ganges) of India has been held in high esteem since time immemorial and Hindus from all over the world cherish the idea of a holy dip in the river under the faith that by doing so they will get rid of their sins of life. More than 400 million people live along the Ganges River. An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bathe daily in the river. Historically also, Ganga is the most important river of the country and beyond doubt is closely connected with the history of civilization as can be noticed from the location of the ancient cities of Hardwar, Prayag, Kashi and Patliputra at its bank. To millions of people it is sustainer of life through multitude of canal system and irrigation of the wasting load. Hundreds of the villages and even the big cities depend for their drinking water on this river. It is believed, a fact which has also been observed, that the water of Ganga never decays even for months and years when water of other rivers and agencies begins to develop bac teria and fungi within a couple of days. This self purification characteristic of Ganga is the key to the holiness and sanctity of its water. The combination of bacteriophages and large populations of people bathing in the river have apparently produced a self-purification effect, in which water-borne bacteria such as dysentery and cholera are killed off, preventing large-scale epidemics. The river also has an unusual ability to retain dissolved oxygen. With growing civilization and population all over how long Ganga will retain its self purification characteristics only time can judge.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SOURCES: The Gangotri   Glacier, a vast expanse of ice five miles by fifteen, at the foothills of the Himalayas (14000 ft) in North Uttar Pradesh is the source of Bhagirathi, which joins with Alaknanda (origins nearby) to form Ganga at the craggy canyon-carved town of Devprayag. Interestingly, the sources of Indus and the Brahmaputra are also geographically fairly close; the former goes through Himachal Pradesh and fans out through Punjab and Sind (Pakistan) into the Arabian Sea. The latter courses for most of its tremendous length under various names through Tibet/China, never far from the Nepal or Indian borders, and then takes a sharp turn near the northeastern tip of India, gathers momentum through Assam before joining the major stream of the Ganga near Dacca in Bangladesh to become the mighty Padma, river of joy and sorrow for much of Bangladesh. From Devprayag to the Bay of Bengal and the vast  Sunderbans delta, the Ganga flows some 1550 miles, passing (and giving life to) some of t he most populous cities of India, including Kanpur (2 million), Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, and Calcutta (14 million). The largest tributary to the Ganga is the Ghaghara, which meets it before Patna, in Bihar, bearing much of the Himalayan glacier melt from Northern Nepal. The Gandak, which comes from near Katmandu, is another big Himalayan tributary. Other important rivers that merge with the Ganga are the Son, which originates in the hills of Madhya Pradesh, the Gomti which flows past Lucknow. Previous Work: A number of investigations have been carried out on the physiochemical and biological characters of the Ganga. Lakshminarayana (1965) published a series of papers reporting the results of studies carried out at Varanasi during the period between March, 1957 and March, 1958. it was observed by him that the values of the most of the parameters decreased during rainy season while no marked variation was observed during winters and summers. In the same year Chakraborty et.al. (1965) from Kanpur reported the water quality of Ganga at J.K. Rayons water intake point and at Golaghat and Bhairoghat pumping stations situated at the upstream of the river. It was concluded that the water quality gradually deteriorated as it passes from Bhairoghat pumping station to the J.K. Rayon water intake point in summers because in this stretch the river received waste waters from number of sewage drains.   A year later Saxena et.al. (1966) made a systematic survey of the chemical quantity of Ganga at Kanpur. According to the study, the biological oxygen demand, i.e. B.O.D. varied from 5.3ppm (minimum) in winter to 16.0ppm (maximum) in summer. The chloride ranged between 9.2 and 12.7 ppm and the river was found to be alkaline in nature except in rainy season. He concluded that the tanneries significantly increased the pollution load of river as they discharge huge amounts of effluents containing organic wastes and heavy metals. It was further reported that forty five tanneries, ten textile mills and several other industrial units discharged 37.15 million gallon per day of waste water generating BOD load of approximately 61630 Kg/day. Subsequently Agarwal et.al. (1976) studied the bacteriological population of the river water and concluded that addition of untreated waste and sewage was responsible for the presence of pathogenic organisms posing threat to the residents of the Varanasi city. Hydrobiological features of the river Ganga was studied by   Pahwa and Mehrotra (1966). The authors studied a stretch of 1090 kms. of river Ganga extending from Kanpur in west to Rajmahal, in Jharkhand state, in the east. They reported that the turbidity was maximum (1100-2170 ppm) in monsoon and minimum ( less than100 ppm) during January to June. The pH of the river water ranged between 7.45 (minimum) during June to August and 8.30 (maximum) during January to May. The dissolved oxygen, i.e. D.O. count ranged from 5.0 to 10.5 ppm with maximum values during January and February. While the minimum values were recorded in monsoon. Bhargava (1982) in a survey of total length of the river Ganga found that quality index was far above the prescribed limit at Kanpur. He further found that the Ganga water was having unusually fast regenerating capacity by bringing down B.O.D. owing to the presence of large amount of well adopted micro-organisms. According to the research Ganga is rich in polymers excreted by various species of bacteria. These polymers being excellent coagulants remove turbidity by coagulation, setting the suspended particles at the sewage discharge point. At the 1981 session of Indian Science Congress at Varanasi, scientists expressed concern at the growing pollution in the river Ganga in presence of the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi who inaugurated the session. At her instance, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, the then member, Planning Commission asked the Central Board for Preventation and Control of Water Pollution, New Delhi to conduct studies on the state of the river Ganga. In collaboration with the State Pollution Control Boards of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal and the centre for study of Man and Environment Kolkata (Calcutta), studies were conducted on the Sources of pollution including all human activities, land use pattern and water quality of the river at selected sites during 1981-82 and report entitled Basin, sub-basin inventory of water pollution in the Ganga basin part-II was published in 1984. according to this report sewage of 27 class I cities and towns and effluents from 137 major industries were the main source of pollution of the river. In addition cremation of dead human bodies and dumping of carcasses aggrevated the pollution of the river. It was Chandra (1981) who conducted studies on the pollution status of river Ganga at Allahabad, pointed out that industries manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizers have significant role in polluting the river water.   Study carried out in 1986-87 on physico-chemical properties of river Ganga water at Buxar (Unnao) clearly revealed that extent of pollution varied in different seasons. Usually all the 23 parameters studied showed high values in summer and lower during monsoons except turbidity which was high in rainy season. Values of BOD, COD, DO and H2S were recorded high than the tolerance limits. Study on water quality of river Ganga at Kalakankar (Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh) revealed that even at such a remote and undisturbed place like Kalakankar the river water was not safe for drinking and bathing. It was also noted that the river showed an alkaline trend throughout the course of study. According to the research done by Mehrotra (1990), the various sources responsible for pollution of the river in Varanasi city are domestic sewage effluents of the industries, burning of dead bodies at the ghats, use of detergents, insecticides and pesticides used in agriculture. Study revealed the presence of toxic metals like   mercury ( 65 to 520ppb), Lead( less than 10 to 800 ppm), chromium (less than 10 to 200 ppm) and nickel (less than 10 to 130 ppm) in the sediments of Ganga river at Varanasi city.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upstream from Varanasi, one of the major pilgrimage sites along the river, the water is comparatively pure, having a low  Biochemical oxygen demand  and fecal coliform count. Studies conducted in 1983 on water samples taken from the right bank of the Ganga at Patna confirm that  escheria coli  (E.Coli.), fecal streptococci and vibrio cholerae organisms die two to three times faster in the Ganga than in water taken from the rivers Son and Gandak and from dug wells and tube wells in the same area. The chemical pollution of the river Ganga in Patna city in Bihar state has been found somewhat alarming beside the storm drain, especially in the regions like Rajapur, Mandiri and Krishnaghat. According to the report published in a book by Mr. U.K. Sinha (1986), the concentration of iron is higher in sediments collected from 10 metres along the bank at Mandiri region. The concentration of all the toxic metals i.e copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt are higher in all the sediments collected from near the storm drain and diminishes towards mid-region of the river. The concentration of zinc is highest in the sediments collected from near the Mandiri storm drain, Antaghat storm drain and Krishnaghat storm drain. The concentration of copper is highest in the sediments collected from near the Krishnaghat storm drain suggesting the presence copper due to utensil work being done in Thatheri Bazar and hospital wastes also, said report. Present situation: For some time now, this romantic view of the Ganges has collided with Indias grim realities. During the past three decades, the countrys explosive growth (at nearly 1.2 billion people, Indias population is second only to Chinas), industrialization and rapid urbanization have put unyielding pressure on the sacred stream. Ganga, the most sacred of rivers for Hindus, has become polluted for some years now. But a recent study by Uttarakhand Environment Conservation and Pollution Control Board says that the level of pollution in the holy river has reached alarming proportions. Things have come to such a pass that the Ganga water is at present not fit just for drinking and bathing but has become unusable even for agricultural purposes. As per the UECPCB study, while the level of coliform present in water should be below 50 for drinking purposes, less than 500 for bathing and below 5000 for agricultural use-the present level of coliform in Ganga at Haridwar has reached 5500. Based on the level of coliform, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen, the study put the water in A, B, C and D categories. While A category is considered fit for drinking, B for bathing, C for agriculture and D is for excessive pollution level. Since the Ganga waters at Haridwar have more than 5000 coliform and even the level of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen doesnt conform the prescribed standards, it has been put in the D category. According to the study, the main cause of high level of coliform in Ganga is due to disposal of human faeces, urine and sewage directly into the river from its starting point in Gaumukh till it reaches Haridwar via Rishikesh. Nearly 89 million litres of sewage is daily disposed into Ganga from the 12 municipal towns that fall along its route till Haridwar. The amount of sewage disposed into the river increases during the Char Dham Yatra season when nearly 15 lakh pilgrims visit the state between May and October each year. Apart from sewage disposal of half-burnt human bodies at Haridwar and hazardous medical waste from the base hospital at Srinagar due to absence of an incinerator are also adding to pollution levels in the Ganga. The result has been the gradual killing of one of Indias most treasured resources. One stretch of the Yamuna River, the Ganges main tributary, has been devoid of all aquatic creatures for at least a decade. In Varanasi, Indias most sacred city, the coliform bacterial count is at least 3,000 times higher than the standard established as safe by the United Nations world Health   Organization.  Ã‚  Coliform  are rod-shaped bacteria that are normally found in the colons of humans and animals and become a serious contaminant when found in the food or water supply. A study by Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department pf Zoology, Patna University, showed the presence of mercury in the Ganga river in Varanasi city. According to the study, annual mean concentration of mercury in the river water was 0.00023 ppm. The concentration ranged from NT (not traceable) to 0.00191 ppm. Study done by Indian Toxicological Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow during 1986-1992 showed maximum annual concentration of mercury in the Ganga river water at Rishikesh, Allahabad district and Dakshineswar as 0.081, 0.043 and 0.012 ppb respectively. Ganga river at Varanasi was found well within the maximum permissible standard of 0.001 ppm prescribed for drinking water by the World Health Organization. The mercury studied in the Ganga river could be traced in biotic as well as abiotic components of the river at the study site. The Hindu devotees take bath in the river where mercury was detected in 28%, 44%,75%, 96%, 42% and 89% of the river water, sediment, benthic fauna, fish, soil and vegetation samples respectively. Though mercury contamination of the river water has not reached an alarming extent, its presence in the river system is worrisome. In the study annual mean concentration of the metal in the sediments was 0.067 ppm. Sediments constitute a major pool of mercury in fresh water. As Ganga enters the Varanasi city, Hinduisms sacred river contains 60,000 faecal coliform bacteria per 100 millilitres, 120 times more than is considered safe for bathing. Four miles downstream, with inputs from 24 gushing sewers and 60,000 pilgrim-bathers, the concentration is 3,000 times over the safety limit. In places, the Ganges becomes black and septic. Corpses, of semi-cremated adults or enshrouded babies, drift slowly by. The tannery industry mushrooming in North India has converted the Ganga River into a dumping ground. The tanning industry discharges different types of waste into the environment, primarily in the form of liquid effluents containing organic matters, chromium, sulphide ammonium and other salts. As per an estimate, about 80-90% of the tanneries use chromium as a tanning agent. Of this, the hides take up only 50-70%, while the rest is discharged as effluent. Pollution becomes acute when tanneries are concentrated in clusters in small area like Kanpur. Consequently, the Leather-tanning sector is included in the Red category of industries due to the potential adverse environmental impact caused by tannery wastes. Highly polluted sediments are adversely affecting the ecological functioning of rivers due to heavy metal mobilization from urban areas into biosphere. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the river Ganga and its tributaries have been carried out by several workers. Monitoring of Ganga River from Rishikesh to Varanasi indicated that Kannauj to Kanpur and Varanasi are the most polluted stretches of the river Ganga . Analysis of upstream and down stream water and sediment revealed a 10-fold increase in chromium level.

Those Most Nearly Touched: Social Criticism in American Literature :: essays research papers fc

One of the most influential critics of the social problems in American history was Civil Rights spokesperson W.E.B. DuBois, who believed that "Honest and earnest criticism from those whose interests are most nearly touched--criticism of writers by readers, of government by those governed, of leaders by those led--this is the soul of democracy and the safeguard of modern society." One of the leading vehicles of such criticism since the beginning of the United States of America was literature. Like Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, American literature molded its history by changing social perspectives with authors’ voices. Stowe’s character changed popular American society’s views on the morality of permanent servitude, and other writers have introduced new views into mainstream thought by providing social criticism of their generations through characters’ perspectives. Three such writers were Stephen Crane, Flannery Oâ€⠄¢Connor, and Hunter S. Thompson. Crane’s criticism of the nature of war, O’Connor’s criticism of gender, racism and religion, and Thompson’s criticism of the deterioration of American values were all voices of American generations and essential elements of the evolution of modern American society. Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage was a novel that exploited an underlying irony of the nature of the American Civil War and war itself, as it was the â€Å"first non-romantic novel of the Civil War to attain widespread popularity.† Rather than depicting soldiers fighting for some noble and important cause, like literature of the American Revolution, Crane painted what seemed to be â€Å"loosely cohering incidents† that demystified and reshaped his generation’s views on warfare. War was not dignified; it was â€Å"hard stuff. Men ran away howling. Bodies were strewn and torn. War, went the clichà ©, was hell.† Crane created characters and scenes that highlighted the problems of his America’s popular opinion of war for â€Å"those whose interests are most nearly touched.† In Crane’s novel, those people were the innocent young soldiers who were thrown into â€Å"hell† and bestowed with responsibilities and expectati ons of highly immoral standards. He showed his generation and generations of Americans to come the horrors and the true nature of war. By exposing the fears and inner thoughts of Henry Fleming in his new environments, Crane introduced America to the harsh reality that â€Å"the blue and the gray honestly don’t ever seem too entirely certain why they’re fighting each other.† These were merely young men killing each other without really understanding the reason.